Which sourcing strategy involves collaboration in JIT programs?

The sourcing strategy that involves collaboration in Just-In-Time (JIT) programs is characterized by the use of a limited number of suppliers. This approach allows for closer relationships to develop between the buyer and the suppliers. Such relationships are crucial in JIT systems, as they require suppliers to be able to respond quickly to changes in demand and production schedules.

Having a few suppliers fosters collaboration and integration over time, which is essential for the seamless flow of materials and reduces waste. When suppliers are closely involved, they can provide valuable input on inventory management, production processes, and lead times, which is vital for JIT operations that aim to minimize inventory levels while ensuring that materials arrive exactly when needed.

In contrast, other strategies might involve having many suppliers, engaging in joint ventures, or using virtual companies, but these do not inherently encourage the depth of collaboration or the responsiveness required for effective JIT implementation.